Case Detail

Case Summary

Polio Eradication—Within Our Reach?

Case Number: 5-409-757, Year Published: 2009

HBS Number: KEL492

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Authors: David Besanko; Sarah Gillis

Key Concepts

Polio, Disease Eradication, Global Public Good, Public Health, Global Health, Infectious Diseases, Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Abstract

The year 2009 witnessed significant setbacks to global polio eradication efforts: a polio outbreak in Nigeria spread into neighboring countries; previously polio-free states in India were reinfected; and Pakistan experienced its largest outbreak of polio in eight years. By year end, the number of children worldwide paralyzed by polio had regressed to 1999 levels. These setbacks sparked a debate about the appropriate strategy for global eradication of polio. Indeed, some experts believed that recent setbacks were not caused by poor management but were instead the result of epidemiological characteristics and preconditions that might render polio eradication unachievable. These experts argued that global health efforts should focus on the control or elimination of polio rather than on the eradication of the disease.

This case presents an overview of polio and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. It also recounts the successful effort to eradicate smallpox. The case enables a rich discussion of the current global strategy to eradicate polio, as well as the issue of whether eradication is the appropriate global public health objective. More generally, the case provides a concrete example of a particular type of global public good, namely infectious disease eradication.

Learning Objectives

This case will:

  • Provide students with a concrete example of a global public good
  • Stimulate discussion of the appropriate strategy for eradicating an infectious disease
  • Enable students to do a benefit-cost analysis of global polio eradication
  • Set the stage for a game-theoretic analysis of which countries would be likely to contribute funds toward global polio eradication
  • Set the stage for a discussion of the role of private organizations in the provision of global public goods

  • Number of Pages: 31

    Extended Case Information

    Teaching Areas: Economics

    Teaching Note Available: Yes

    Geographic: United States, Global

    Year of Case: 2009