MANAGEMENT & STRATEGY; REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
ConAgra Foods Research Professorship in Strategic Management
Director, Guthrie Center for Real Estate Research and Real Estate Management Program
Public Finance
Public Management
Public Policy
Real Estate
Urban Development and Economics
- Recent Media Coverage
Chicago Sun-Times: Property tax reforms needed: clarity, relief - 11/7/2009
Medill Reports: Manufacturing Council advises Commerce Secretary on stimulating industry - 10/1/2009
See all Kellogg in the Media
In 1991, a property tax limitation measure was imposed in five Illinois counties. Dye and McGuire (1997) studied its short-term impact. With the limit now in effect for over a decade and extended to many more counties, we assess its long-term impact. Because jurisdictions brought under the limitation since 1997 have done so after a county-option referendum, our estimation strategy treats the measure as endogenous. We find that the restraining effect of the limit on the growth of property taxes is stronger in the long run than the short run, and that the growth of school expenditures is slowed by the measure.
It is difficult to justify tax incentives within the existing economics literature on tax competition. We develop a model in which communities are interested in attracting firms not only for their own capital but also for the "concentration externalities," a form of agglomeration economies, their location bestows on existing firms. We find that it is efficient in this case for communities to offer tax incentives, defined as a tax rate below the benefit tax level, to firms. We present the recent relocation of the Boeing Corporation's headquarters from Seattle to Chicago as a case study.
The answer to the question posed in the title depends on which model of local government behavior is operative. If it is the median-voter/benevolent-dictator model, then property tax limits can only be for evil. If it is the Leviathan/budget-maximizing-bureaucratic model, then property tax limits have the potential to improve the welfare of local resident voters. From this perspective, I reassess the empirical literature on state-imposed limits on local property taxes and conclude that the evidence can be interpreted as supportive of the notion that the Leviathan model may be operative and thus that property tax limits have the potential to improve welfare.
Using data for the 50 U.S. states we relate industry-specific employment growth rates over the period 1976-1989 to the industrial compositions of the states in 1976. We explore the idea that services and manufacturing are inextricably linked and that this interdependence may be beneficial to manufacturing (through knowledge spillovers, for example). Specifically, we test whether the manufacturing sector grew faster in service-based economies. Our evidence does not support the idea of cross-fertilization from services to manufacturing.
The goal of this research is to determine if limits on the revenue-raising ability of school districts translate into constraints on the ability of these districts to affect student performance. We use the recent imposition of property tax limitations on school districts in the Chicago metropolitan area to determine if these limits have translated into slower growth in student performance. We find only limited evidence that student performance in districts subject to the tax limitations has fallen relative to student performance in districts not subject to the limitations.
In anticipation of an upcoming legislative debate, in the early summer of 1996 public advocacy groups in Illinois contracted with the Institute of Government and Public Affairs of the University of Illinois to provide analysis of school funding reform proposals. The intent was to make the analysis and models widely available for use by government officials as well as concerned citizens. We prepared a report on options for Illinois to help focus the school funding discussion on the fundamental policy choices facing lawmakers. In this article, we summarize the process of and the university's contribution to the policy debate. Five illustrative alternatives to the current system are analyzed. While we think these options are of interest for their own sake, our primary goal in writing this article is to provide an example of how academic analysts can make a constructive contribution to heated political debate without advocating any particular plan.
We use annual employment data for the states and the United States from 1969 to 1985 to estimate trend rates of growth and deviations from trend for the state economies. We calculate measures of growth and variability for each state that are net of the effect of the state industrial mix interacting with the national industrial growth rates and variabilities. We find great variety in the macroeconomic behavior of the regional state economies, and we present evidence that the industrial mix of an economy is one factor that helps explain differences in net growth rates and variabilities across the states.
This article provides some preliminary evidence and descriptive statistics on spending and on underlying demographic and economic characteristics of the states in the U.S. There is convergence in spending across states. This convergence is particularly strong for those states that start out with lower levels of spending, those that start behind grow faster. There is a positive relationship between income growth and spending growth for most categories of state and local spending. State and local spending growth in the 1980s was somewhat faster than in the 1970s, but much slower than in the 1960s.
We specify a regional production function that, in addition to labor and private capital, includes two publicly provided inputs — highways and education. We employ a panel data set consisting of annual observations on the 48 contiguous states from 1969 to 1983 to estimate input elasticity coefficients under a specification that allows for differences over time and across states. We find that both of the publicly provided inputs have a significant and positive effect on output. Our results support the policy conclusion that publicly provided infrastructure is an important element of economic growth.
This article provides estimates of the impact of earmarked revenues on the level and composition of state expenditures. Examined are four types of state spending —total, elementary and secondary education, highways, and aid to nonschool local governments -and two measures of earmarking -earmarked revenues per capita and earmarked revenues as a share of the favored expenditure category. An extra dollar of earmarked revenues results in either no change in expenditures or in increases in expenditures that are much smaller than a dollar. A greater reliance on earmarking as a share of expenditures results in either no change in spending or lower expenditures.
Two important characteristics of state tax systems are the trend growth rate and cyclical variability of tax revenues. We use national aggregate time series data to estimate the trend rate of growth and the deviation from trend for several components of state general sales and individual income tax bases. The results indicate great variety in growth and variability characteristics across tax base components. One important finding is that growth and variability are sometimes inversely related. Another interesting finding is that, depending on structural design, income taxes can be more stable than sales taxes.
The state of Arizona recently established a temporary, blue-ribbon committee to evaluate the state's fiscal system and to recommend changes that would improve the system. The impetus for the committee was a series of budgetary difficulties in the 1980s that lawmakers hoped might be avoided in the future by implementing major structural changes suggested by a long-run analysis of the state's economy and taxes and expenditures. The findings and recommendations of the committee are relevant for states across the country. It is likely that many states will be faced with tough budgetary challenges in the decade of the 1990s because the states' revenue systems have not adapted to the changes in the level and nature of state spending responsibilities.
This article discusses interstate tax differentials, tax competition and tax policy in the U.S. as of 1986. In order to assess the impact of interstate tax differentials it is important to first determine whether such differentials exist. It is often argued that, because state and local taxes are deductible from the federal income tax bases, the impact of such differences is not large. There is some truth to this argument in that the dollar difference in profits is diminished, and the variance of the tax burden variable is reduced. But if all other factors are equal the difference in net state taxes could still be the determining factor. When a firm or an individual contemplates a move from one state to another, factors other than the relative tax burdens will be considered. If profits are considered as the only motivation for business location decisions, then the two sets of factors can be distinguished, namely those which would cause the firms' revenues to vary from state to state and those which would cause their costs to vary. It is worth pointing out that factors other than taxes are found to be more important determinants than taxes of the various measures of location and migration activity and economic activity. That is, other factors are statistically significant and have larger calculated elasticities than the tax variables.
An econometric model for total employment growth and for employment growth in six separate industries in states between 1973 and 1980 is specified and estimated. The results indicate that higher wages, utility prices, personal income tax rates, and an increase in the overall level of taxation discourage employment growth in several industries. But factors such as higher state and local spending on education, and per capita income favorably affect job growth. The implications of these findings for employment growth rates in several states are then examined. It is found that slow growth in some states, such as Pennsylvania, cannot be blamed on taxes, while part of New York's slow growth results from high tax rates. On the other hand rapid growth states, such as Florida and Texas, have favorable growth conditions for almost all of the independent variables used to explain growth.
The authors discuss U.S. and monetary policy regarding inflation in the 1960s using the example of government intervention regarding copper prices in 1965. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose an average of 1.2 per cent annually from 1958 to 1964: however, in 1965 the CPI increased 2 per cent, the largest annual increase since 1957-1958. In 1962, the U.S. government adopted a policy of using wage-price guideposts as a way to determine inflation. This policy was used to reverse price increases in copper. The authors support a market-driven economy.
Using a panel data set for the 48 contiguous states from 1970 to 1983, several estimates are provided of a Cobb-Douglas production function with three types of public capital as inputs. Various specification tests are systematically applied to test for both random and fixed state effects, nonstationarity, endogeneity of the private inputs, and measurement error. In the preferred specification, which is first differences with fixed state effects, the public capital variables are not significant, while the fixed state effects and private input variables are significant.
This course counts toward the following majors: Management & Strategy, Real Estate Management, Social Enterprise.
Why did Chicago win the competition for the relocation of Boeing's corporate headquarters? Did the city give away the store? Why are property values higher in neighborhoods with good public schools? Why do commercial and industrial properties face significantly higher property tax rates than residential properties? In this course we apply tools and concepts of microeconomics to analyze how state and local governments operate and how their decisions affect the business environment. Topics include tax incentives for business, K-12 education finance, local property taxes, and state fiscal crises.
Public Economics for Business Leaders (SEEK-470-0)
This course counts towards the following majors: Management & Strategy, and Social Enterprise and Managerial Economics.
To be an effective business leader in today's complex world requires an understanding of the important public policy issues facing society. Managers need to understand society's problems and the range of possible public solutions and policies in order to know how to influence, incorporate and respond to public actions. This class will enable students to understand, analyze and take the perspective of government and non-government organizations as they attempt to alleviate societal problems. Topics include the interface of government and business, the justification for and principle methods of government intervention in the market place, the primary means of paying for government, measuring the costs and benefits of government policies, and current policy applications such as social security reform, education policy, health insurance and tax reform.
Prerequisite: MECN-430 or MECN-436.
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