TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT
Clinical Professor of Technology
James Conley serves on the faculty of both the Kellogg School of Management and the McCormick School of Engineering at Northwestern University. He is a faculty contributor in the Kellogg Center for Research in Technology & Innovation and serves as a Faculty Fellow at the Segal Design Institute (NU IDEA). At Present, he is also serving as a Visiting Professor in the chair of technology and innovation management at the WHU in Germany.
Beyond academia, he is currently serving as an appointed member on the United States Department of Commerce Trademark Public Advisory Committee to the Patent and Trademark Office.
His research investigates the strategic use of intangible assets and intellectual properties to build and sustain competitive advantage. Research sponsors include the National Science Foundation, NASA, FAA, NIST, the Department of Defense, Motorola, Daimler-Chrysler, the OECD and others.
Professor Conley teaches courses on Innovation Process Management, Intellectual Capital Management, and other related subjects to both graduate student and executive education audiences. Beyond Kellogg and Northwestern, he serves on the visiting faculty of Kellogg partner institutions such as the Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management at the WHU in GERMANY, the Schulich School of Business at York University in CANADA, and at the Keio University Business School in JAPAN.
In both 2004 and 2007, he received the Professor of the Year award from the Master of Product Development program at Northwestern University.
He served as the General Electric Foundation Professor and the Pentair-Nugent Professor of Manufacturing and Business Leadership from 1994 to 2000. Additionally, his publications have been recognized with “Best Paper” commendations from the American Foundry Society, the Society of Automotive Engineers, The Rapid Prototyping Journal and others. Mainstream outlets for his scholarship include the Wall Street Journal and Sloan Management Review.
Professor Conley’s scholarship is informed by professional practice. In 1994, he founded Syndia Corporation together with the late Jerome Lemelson and entrepreneur Roger Hickey. In addition to being an inventor (7 issued US patents and others pending), Conley through Syndia has grown and acquired a portfolio of intellectual properties that Syndia licenses to many entities in Asia, North America and Europe. Additionally, he served as a Principal at Chicago Partners, LLC.
Before joining Northwestern in 1994, he spent seven years at the Ryobi Limited Group of companies in JAPAN with management responsibility in product engineering and product development. There, he led substantial Ryobi product innovation programs for both automotive and consumer durable products. He is conversational in the Japanese language.
He is happily married to his kindergarten classmate Sally and they have 5 children.
Brands and Trademarks
Information Technology
Innovation
Intellectual Property
New Product Development
Strategy
Technology
- Recent Media Coverage
The Mint (Dow Jones publication in India): Learning to tackle the fast follower - 5/25/2008
Wall Street Journal: Innovation: Shape of Things to Come - 5/12/2008
Chicago Tribune: Schaumburg woman is indicted in theft of business secrets intended for China - 4/3/2008
Daily Maily (online newspaper in Israel): Taking Care of Clients’ Interests First - 10/20/2007
See all Kellogg in the Media
- Recent Kellogg News
Kellogg Professor James Conley appointed to serve as academic adviser on federal committee - 8/14/2008
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This paper describes and exercises a new design paradigm for cast components. The methodology integrates foundry process simulation, non-destructive evaluation (nde), stress analysis and damage tolerance simulations into the design process. The foundry process simulation is used to predict an array of porosity related anomalies. The probability of detection of these anomalies is investigated with a radiographic inspection simulation tool (xrsim). The likelihood that the predicted array of anomalies will lead to a failure is determined by a fatigue crack growth simulation based on the extended finite element method, xfemand therefore does not require meshing nor remeshing as the cracks grow. In this approach, the casting modelling provides initial anomaly information, the stress analysis provides a value for the critical size of an anomaly and the nde assessment provides a detectability measure. The combination of these tools allows for accept/reject criteria to be determined at the early design stage and enables damage tolerant design philosophies. The methodology is applied to the design of a cast monolithic door used on the Boeing 757 aircraft.
Recent US Supreme Court rulings have tipped the scales of patent system advantage to entrenched, resource rich corporate incumbents. This undermines the negotiation position of the independent inventor. Article shows examples of how resource rich entities now have advantages in IP licensing negotiations.
Article examines increasing significance of proactive IP management in the CEO's office and how this can lead to enduring forms of competitive advantage. Additionally, recent survey research results are reviewed.
Review article that examines the nexus of buseinss strategy and legal strategy in the dynamic market of computer gaming. PC Emulation of console based (Playstation, XBox, Game Cube) games is both a legal threat and market opportunity. Article examines multiple perspectives.
Computer simulation of the casting process is a cost effective way to predicting foundry process design outcomes. An objective of this project is to validate the capability of commercially available simulation software packages to predict the phenomena that occur during casting with or without considering gravitational forces. The validity of the results can be confirmed in experiments with appropriate analog systems, performed in variable gravity environments. The gravity profile in NASA’s KC-135 aircraft, and the experimental apparatus that is used to observe the solidification and fluid flow characteristics of a metal analog in KC-135 environment are described in this paper.
Cast Aluminum-Silicon alloys are used in numerous automotive and industrial weight sensitive applications because of their low density and excellent castability. The presence of trapped gas and or shrinkage pores in certain locations within castings has been shown to influence fatigue life. These micromechanical defects can be found most anywhere in a casting depending on processing conditions. A large amount of porosity located in the center of the cast material thickness may have no effect on mechanical properties or fatigue performance. A smaller, isolated pore near a surface may have a significant impact on mechanical properties. Hence, it is important to develop a comprehensive model to predict the size, location and distribution of microporosity in castings. In this work, we model the effect of various casting process parameters on microporosity formation for aluminum A356 alloy castings. The process parameters include cooling rate, hydrogen content, grain refiner and modifier. The proposed two-dimensional model predicts the size, morphology and distribution of microporosity at a given location in the casting. The method couples a mathematical model of porosity evolution with a probabilistic grain structure prediction model. The porosity evolution model is based on the simultaneous solution of the continuity and momentum equations for the metal and the mass conservation equation for the dissolved gas. The nucleation and growth of grains are simulated with a probabilistic method that uses the information from a heat transfer simulation, i.e. temperature and solid fraction, to determine the transition rules for grain evolution. The simulation results correlate well with experimental observation of porosity in cast structures.
The microstructural heterogeneity of aluminum alloy A356 permanent mold castings impacts fatigue performance differently depending on location in the casting. Casting conditions, which include casting temperature, gradients in the mold temperature, plunger speed and casting pressure are variables which can affect solidification rates and therefore, the microstructure within the casting. In this paper an experimental investigation of fatigue performance of specimens cut from various locations in a test bar of cast aluminum alloy A356 is reported. The number of cycles to failure for each test was recorded and the fracture surfaces and local microstructure examined. It was observed that local fatigue resistance varied substantially along the solidification path while tensile strength was little affected. The amount of Al–Si eutectic and the density of micropores increases along the solidification path. Samples located near the surface and the farthest from the gate end demonstrated the longest lifetimes. Conversely, the samples taken from the centerline of the casting closest to the gate end demonstrated the shortest lifetimes.
In order to comprehensively model both the performance and inspectability of early design stage safety critical aluminum castings, the size, shape, and location of defects such as pores should be determined by simulation. In this article, a two-dimensional (2-D) model to predict grain size, pore size, pore morphology, and location is presented. The proposed model couples hydrogen gas evolution and microshrinkage pore formation mechanisms with a grain growth simulation model. The nucleation and growth of grains are modeled with a probabilistic method that uses the information from a macroscale heat transfer simulation to determine the rules of transition for grain evolution. Microshrinkage pores and the combination of microshrinkage and gas pores are addressed. The proposed model and postprocessing can provide direct simulated views of the microstructure of the solidifying casting. In the present work, the effect of Sr modifier and hydrogen content on pore size and morphology for equiaxed aluminum alloy A356 is modeled. The simulation results correlate well with the experimental observation of cast structures and other published data. In addition, Sievert’s law and the conditions for spontaneous growth of a gas pore are derived from first principles in the Appendix.
Several years ago, Banerji and Reif reported some very interesting studies on a process to react Ti and C in molten Al to form particles of TiC. The process was used to prepare a master alloy with a fine dispersion of TiC to inoculate Al for grain refinement. Approximately 2 wt pct of preheated graphite particles were stirred into the Al-5 to 10 pct Ti melts. The authors explained that the melts needed to be superheated above 1000 °C to avoid the undesirable formation of A14C3 and Ti3AlC at the TiC/melt interface. Their explanation for this phenomenon was based on thermodynamics. They observed that the standard free energy of formation curves for AI4C3 and TiC cross near 1175 °C, with A14C3 having the lower free energy of formation below this temperature. There are several aspects of this work which merit further discussion.
This paper examines the historical evolution of "Prototyping and Scale up" practices in the context of 20th Century manufacturing processes. Principals are abstracted so that they may be adopted to emergent technologies and innovations in education.
The authors present insights for the education sector developed through exploring relevant research from the field of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, as well as management practices applied for scale-up within industrial firms. The chapter proposes applications for effective scale-up for innovative educational programs.
ESPE, the market leader, is a medium-sized German manufacturer of precision dental impression materials competing in a shrinking market. To grow the business, ESPE invests substantial resources in innovating impression materials and associated distribution mechanisms. Squeezed by the shrinking market, the competition is increasingly using the proprietary channels (dispensing mechanisms) and brand equity (trademark) of ESPE to maintain their market share. There is a potential infringement. The case explores how ESPE is organized to execute on the options imbedded in their IP rights.
Use with Case #5-404-752 (KEL334).
Tom McKillop, CEO of AstraZeneca, faced the classic quandary of large pharmaceutical firms. The firm’s patent for Prilosec (active ingredient omeprazole) was expiring. Severe cost-based competition from generic drug manufacturers was inevitable. Patent expirations were nothing new for the US$15.8 billion in revenues drug firm, but Prilosec was the firm’s most successful drug franchise, with global sales of US$6.2 billion. How could the company innovate its way around the generic cost-based competition and avoid the drop in revenues associated with generic drug market entry? AstraZeneca had other follow-on drugs in the pipeline—namely Nexium, an improvement on the original Prilosec molecule. Additionally, the company had the opportunity to introduce its own version of generic omeprazole, hence becoming the first mover in the generic segment, and/or introduce an OTC version of omeprazole that might tap into other markets. Ideally, AstraZeneca would like to move brand-loyal Prilosec customers to Nexium. In this market, direct-to-consumer advertising has remarkable efficacy. Classical marketing challenges of pricing and promotion need to be resolved for the Nexium launch as well as possible product and place challenges for the generic or OTC opportunity. Which combination of marketing options will allow the firm to best sustain the value of the original omeprazole innovation?
Tom McKillop, CEO of AstraZeneca, faced the classic quandary of large pharmaceutical firms. Within the year, the firm’s patent for Prilosec (active ingredient omeprazole) was expiring. Prilosec was a US$6.2 billion/year blockbuster that revolutionized the treatment of chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disorders (GERD). Severe cost-based competition from generic drug manufacturers was, however, inevitable. Patent expirations were nothing new for the US$15.8 billion in revenues drug firm. AstraZeneca had Nexium, an improvement on the original Prilosec molecule, in the pipeline. Ideally, it would like to move brand-loyal Prilosec customers to Nexium. Additionally, the company had the opportunity to introduce its own version of generic omeprazole, hence becoming the first mover in the generic segment, and/or introduce an over-the-counter (OTC) version of omeprazole. Tactically, AstraZeneca would like to use regulatory incentives and intellectual property rights to strengthen its competitive position. How could the company use its entire portfolio of intellectual properties—including patents and trademarks—to actively manage the priced-based competition and achieve a revenue growth strategy in the GERD market? Use with Case Supplement #5-404-753 (KEL335).
The patent system is introduced to the non-legal professional by reviewing the historical justification for having a patent system and foundations of the U.S. patent system, contrasting patents with trade secrets, exploring invention requirements for obtaining a patent, and reviewing the patent application process, international patent protection, and the elements of infringement, validity, and enforcement through litigation.
Intellectual property rights are a major source of wealth creation in the modern global economy and continue to grow in significance. In order for managers and entreprenerus to appropriate the value of IP's strategic optionality, it is helpful to be conversant in the unique aspects of these legal rights regimes. This technical note provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the intellectual property rights regimes consisting of: trade secrets, patents, copyrights, trade dress, and trademarks.
A self-employed innovator developed and patented a novel combination pen and stylus device to complement the recently released Palm Pilot personal digital assistant. He presented his design to Palm under a Non-Disclosure Agreement to discuss the market response to the product, and ttools was allowed to advertise the device in a monthly email to Palm customers. Subsequent to ttools’ release of the Throttle pen/stylus, Palm and the design firm IDEO introduced a similar pen/stylus device that appeared to infringe on ttools’ patent. ttools, being a small, resource-constrained company, was in a precarious position. Its competitive advantage and rights as a patent holder were being threatened. It had few financial resources to draw upon, and thus, its livelihood as a company was at stake. The case investigates the options ttools had available to respond to Palm and IDEO’s actions. The objective of this case is to provide students with an understanding of how utility and design patents may be used by resource poor entrepreneurs and inventors for building and maintaining a first-mover advantage.
This invention discloses methods of making new and improved diamond coatings bonded to substrates, in which the coatings are protected by post-deposition treatment to form graphite-based lubricating constituents in situ, as well as articles of manufacture made using such techniques.
A process is disclosed for making improved diamond coatings bonded to substrates by using intermediate bonding layers engineered to reduce the residual stress in the diamond coatings.
This invention relates to methods of making new and improved diamond, "diamond-like carbon" (a-C) and "diamond-like hydrocarbon" (a-C:H) coatings bonded to substrates by using intermediate bonding layers comprising amorphous "glassy" metals, engineered to reduce the residual stress in the diamond coatings, and to articles of manufacture made using such methods.
A process is disclosed for making new and improved diamond, "diamond-like carbon" (a-C) and "diamond-like hydrocarbon" (a-C:H) coatings bonded to substrates by using intermediate bonding layers engineered to reduce the residual stress in the diamond coatings.
This invention discloses methods of making new and improved diamond coatings bonded to substrates, in which the coatings are protected by post-deposition treatment to form graphite-based lubricating constituents in situ, as well as articles of manufacture made using such techniques.
This invention discloses methods of making new and improved multi-layer coatings for gas turbine engine parts that are exposed to elevated temperatures, such as blades and vanes in the high pressure compressor and turbine of multi-stage aircraft engines, by applying a diamond film over columnar thermal barrier coatings such as yttria-stabilized zirconia, improving the erosion resistance of the thermal barrier coating.
A purchasing management system is disclosed which allows users to ameliorate "subcontracting risk" when placing orders for custom processed goods, through the agency of a "trustee" who holds key proprietary information belonging to both buyer and seller, and who releases it upon consent of the respective principals.
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Teaching Materials
MKTG-465 Syllabus, Winter 2010TECH-441 Syllabus, Winter 2010
This course counts toward the following majors: Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Marketing, Marketing Management
New product design drives healthy companies, allowing organizations to differentiate from their competition and stimulate growth with sensitivity to changing consumer needs, and assuring an enterprise a strategic competitive advantage. But if that basic concept and the need for successful new products is commonly understood, why do some organizations succeed while others fail? Even in organizations with some great historical successes, it is often easier to find many more failures. There is a methodology, driven by a structured process, that allows surety and greater success in the development of new products. This course teaches that process for any student who may have the role of product manager, assuming that role includes new-product development. Areas of study include an overview of design and development including distinguishing factors for successful products, organizational structure for success, organizing the project into the appropriate phases and gates with go/no-go criteria, and developing a proposal format. The format will be from a consulting point of view (whether one is working as a consultant or with a consultant solving development programs) while assuring the manager a structure when working within one's own organization. Students will learn a basic knowledge of manufacturing techniques in order to more clearly speak and understand the language when working with engineers, industrial designers and production people, critical skills for those in a manufacturing-based organization or who deal with manufacturers. This mini-course is not intended to assure the manager proficiency as a designer, but rather to help the manager understand and manage the process of design and development in an efficient and professional manner.
Product Design and Marketing (MKTG-464-B)
This minicourse explores the role of product design in marketing. Specifically, the course examines the target customers’ emotional response to the design of products and packaging. Students will be introduced to tools — including “neuromarketing” and semiotics — for evaluating product designs and corresponding emotions, and will learn about the role of product/packaging design in building brand equity. Finally, the course will review the role of product/packaging equities such as intellectual property in building and sustaining the advantages of product design.
Introduction of New Products and Services (MKTG-465-0)
This course counts toward the following majors: Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Marketing, Marketing Management
This course answers the manager's question: "What do I need to know and do as a marketer in order to develop a successful new product?" Students will gain a firm understanding of the steps necessary to bring a new product from concept to successful launch. The course covers fundamental marketing principles that are as valuable in developing and marketing the newest microchip as they are for the latest chili-flavored tortilla potato chip. The course is case-based and example driven. Illustrations and discussions will encompass consumer packaged goods, high tech and consumer electronics, biotechnology, agribusiness, entertainment, B2B, international and many other industries, in contexts that range from garage startups to Fortune 100 companies. The course content will help those pursuing careers in brand management, marketing, project management, marketing research, new product and service consulting, venture capital, and entrepreneurial ventures. The emphasis on specific techniques and application settings varies somewhat by instructor; students are encouraged to request a copy of the course syllabus from the instructor prior to registering.
Prerequisite: MKTG-430.
Intellectual Capital Management (TECH-441-0)
This course counts toward the following majors: Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Health Enterprise Management, International Business (affiliate) , MMM/MEM design track, Managerial Economics, Social Enterprise, Technology Industry Management and Biotechnology.
This course covers the broad agenda of using intellectual capital for competitive advantage. With globalization, intangible assets such as human capital, intellectual property, brands and relationships have become the dominant proportion of a firm's market capitalization. Yet most firms do a poor job of managing this intellectual capital strategically. This course adopts a "lifecycle" approach to the management of an intellectual asset, covering the creation of the intellectual asset, the codification of the asset in the form of intellectual property (IP), the valuation of intellectual assets, the protection of intellectual assets and leveraging of intellectual assets into future markets for growth. Case studies examine related management challenges in entertainment, finance, pharmaceuticals, health care, consumer electronics, agribusiness, biotechnology, consulting, venture capital, telecommunications, software and other contexts. Additionally, the social implications of intellectual property policy are discussed.
This course covers the specific agenda of using intellectual capital and or properties for building and sustaining competitive advantage. Intellectual assets like know‐how, inventions, patents, explicit content, brands, trademarks (forms of intellectual property), contractual agreements etc. are often the largest proportion of a firm’s total wealth. And yet, most firms do a poor job of managing intellectual assets strategically. In this course, we adopt a “lifecycle” approach to the management of an intellectual asset. Methods and frameworks developed in lecture are exercised in case studies from multiple industries including food & agriculture (Monsanto), dental products (ESPE), pharmaceuticals (AZ), entertainment (Disney), and consumer electronics (Apple). Both mature markets and entrepreneurship contexts are reviewed.
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